Debian 7 Through Debian Testing Benchmarks With/Without Mitigations
Nginx and Apache web server performance has dropped with time, especially when factoring in the security mitigations.
PHP performance has improved big time over the course of Debian 7 to today thanks to PHP 7 and all the successive improvements in the PHP 7.x point releases.
The GEGL imaging library used by The GIMP and other programs has seen big performance optimizations in recent years.