From Dapper To Lucid, Four Years Of Ubuntu Benchmarks
The Gcrypt CAMELLIA256-ECB Cipher performance was sped up by Ubuntu's 2008 LTS release, but it has regressed slightly in 2010.
There is a nice speed-up between Ubuntu 6.06.1 and 8.04.4 due to the default kernel differences with SMP, but the results between 8.04.4 and 10.04 LTS are identical.
C-Ray is another benefactor of the dual-core Intel processor in the more recent Ubuntu releases. There does appear to be a slight setback in the ray-tracing performance with Ubuntu 10.04 compared to the previous LTS.
MAFFT multiple sequence alignment has improved slightly each step along Ubuntu's journey.