On the other hand, that's still significantly technically inferior to CFI containing forward edge + backwards edge + probabilistic defenses, which PaX RAP has been providing under the GPL for 7 years by now, i.e. since before PaX+grsecurity went commercial-only (*)

https://pax.grsecurity.net/docs/PaXT...AP-RIP-ROP.pdf
https://grsecurity.net/rap_faq
*: thereby enabling their producers to start making a living from PaX+grsecurity, which they couldn't do in 17 years offering the software for public download at no cost in donation-only mode, then recruit additional security researchers to further improve defenses and find more security issues in software and hardware, then additionally sponsor work on FLOSS useful to the general public such as the GCC Rust front-end.
Not all parts of RAP are available from the latest GPL PaX & grsecurity patches publicly distributed by their makers; newer GPL patches can be different.
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